Scientific Program

Conference Series Ltd invites all the participants across the globe to attend 10th Annual Medical Microbiology Summit & Expo London, UK.

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Scientific Program Day 1
Scientific Program Day 2

Day 2 :

  • Viral Infections | Bacterial diseases | Antimicrobial Agents | Fungal Diseases
Location: Room 01

Chair

Godfred Menezes

Hail University, uae

Session Introduction

Vaundhara Rangaswamy

Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Clinical Laboratory Scientist, Microbiology

Title: Comparing diagnostic microbiology in 2 worlds
Speaker
Biography:

At ASM (American Society of Microbiology), San Jose State and Santa Clara University, Medical conferences in Cambodia and India on various topics related to rural health, parasitology, and lab capacity building. Lecturer and Lab. Instructor at San Jose State University, CA. Completed my Post graduate from Shri Sayajirao Hospital and Medical College, Gujarat, India

Abstract:

Purpose: The presentation attempts to compare an advanced microbiology lab in California, with a lab in a rural India, one in a provincial hospital in Cambodia and one in a remote hospital in Tanzania.
Introduction and Observations: Microbiology is the pillar of infectious disease diagnosis and treatment. Contribution of clinical microbiology cannot be underestimated or overlooked. Strengthening of services is mandatory to achieve health goals laid out by organisations like WHO or Gates Foundation.
However, diagnostic microbiology services offered even for certain diseases like Malaria, HIV, TB or diarrhoeal diseases that are more prevalent in resource poor countries, differ remarkably between various labs. Many factors contribute to this disparity. For any lab, compared to routine tests offered in Haematology, Biochemistry, Serology, and Urinalysis, providing reliable basic microbiology services is challenging. In less developed regions it is a Herculean task. Based on personal experiences of working or visiting labs in different countries and settings, some observations stand out. To begin with, there is a lack of awareness amongst physicians and common folk about the
contribution of clinical microbiology towards patient care. There is little regulation on antimicrobial susceptibility testing and therapy starting from drug
manufacturing, testing and availability. QA/QC systems are not in place or not followed in the right manner. Infrastructure and maintenance costs can be formidable. Better technical skills are required for troubleshooting and reporting results. Communication between lab staff and clinicians is critical but minimal. Sterilization or safe disposal of microbiology waste adds another layer of difficulty. Return of investment is not attractive for the technician, the lab or hospital offering services. Unreliable supply of water or electricity hampers many aspects of workflow. For various such reasons, microbiology is given low priority in poorer regions. One is confronted with many burning questions. Is the disparity in different settings, fair? Whose responsibility is it to step up lab capacity building? Despite these obstacles and pitfalls, significant changes have taken place in some health care centers due to the efforts of a one odd passionate microbiologist, pursuance of astute physicians, remarkable work of organisations like LabCAP, DMDP, CDC, etc., by inventors to simplify diagnostic tools and make them affordable yet reliable and by global pressure to step up containment of diseases. Conclusion: More of us need to get involved, efforts need to be constant and probably faster to keep pace with the growing population and spread of diseases.

Godfred A Menezes

Hail University, KSA, UAE

Title: Evaluation of synergistic activity of lactoferrin with antibiotics against drug resistant bacterial pathogens
Speaker
Biography:

Godfred A. Menezes is currently working in RAK College of Medical Sciences (RAKCOMS), RAKMHSU, UAE. He was working in Ha’il University, Ha’il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as Assistant Professor & Scientist until November 2016. He was a working as The In charge/ Scientist of Central Research Laboratory (CRL) and also as an Assistant Professor of Microbiology at Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, India for three years. He has also worked as a Scientist in the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. He was as a Junior Research Fellow in the Institute of National Importance, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India. He has been worked extensively on molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in clinical bacterial pathogens. He has been a faculty of several Medical Institutes and also a Para-Medical Institute.  He has got three Government sponsored research grants during his career.    

Abstract:

The Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections have escalated as one of the world's utmost health issues. The progress of novel antibiotics has declined over the last half century. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lactoferrin (human, bovine and camel) on minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of important antibiotics in use against drug resistant bacterial pathogens encountered in the region of Ha’il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Totally 147 clinical bacterial isolates were successfully isolated [Pathogens included were: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)- 30 isolates. b. Methicillin resistant Coagulase negative Staphylococcus- 30 isolates. c. Extended- spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaciae- 40 isolates. d. Fluoroquinolone resistant Gram negative pathogens- 30 isolates. e. Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas species- 05 isolates. f. Carbapenem resistant Gram negative pathogens- 05 isolates. g. AmpC beta-lactamase producing Gram negative pathogens- 05 isolates. h. Vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE)- 02 isolates]. The methods employed were MALDI-TOF for identification, Microscan Walkaway system for Identification, susceptibility testing and LF synergism testing. PCR-Sanger sequencing was done (before and after exposure to LF synergism) to study the molecular biology aspects of the study. In our study, the reproducible synergism effect of LF with antibiotics were found to be remarkable. To specify the phenotypic effects of LF in synergism with antibiotics: the isolates producing ESBL had turned non-ESBL; quinolone resistant isolates had turned susceptible; MRSA had turned MSSA (Methicillin susceptible) and VRE had turned susceptible. The molecular biological study suggests changes only in the gene expression after the exposure to LF compounds. The results of this study demonstrated similar effect with comparable results for the LF tested from 3 different sources (human, bovine and camel). The outcome knowledge of the study would certainly help the Ministry of Health (MOH) in planning the LF adjuvant treatment methods for locally faced drug resistant pathogens causing different infections.

Ka Tik Cheung

Tung Wah College, HKSAR China.

Title: Evaluation of domestic dogs and cats oral flora in relationship of oral hygiene and detection of multi resistant bacterial strains
Speaker
Biography:

Ka Tik Cheung is a lecturer in Tung Wah College since 2013. He has completed the doctoral degree in Microbiology and has several years of experience in clinical laboratory. He has also acquired the license to practice which is certified by The Hong Kong Medical Laboratory Board. His research focuses on veterinary infectious disease and antibiotics susceptibility on companion animals. He is also actively involved in zoonotic disease research. He has been exposed to the field of veterinary science and be a member of Hong Kong Veterinary Nursing Association. 

Abstract:

Recently, human-animal interaction is more frequently occur, animal bite injuries have become a serious and high-risk problems as the result. Oral flora can be transferred by close oral contact and through bites. While most of the bites do not require medical progress, only some bites would become an infection. The resultant infection is typically a polymicrobial infection, consist of common environmental flora and the oral flora in animals. As oral hygiene is an important method to reduce the number of bacteria of human oral cavities, but there are only a few articles demonstrate it in domestic dogs and cats. To evaluate the effectiveness of oral hygiene in domestic dogs and cats, this study compared the complexity of isolates from the oral cavities and the frequencies of performing oral hygiene. The age of domestic dogs and cats was compared to the number of isolates from the flora as well. Besides, the oral flora was identified and the frequency of occurrence was evaluate, in order to attempt the bacteriology of domestic dogs and cats oral cavity and the causative agent of human infection. In this study, Gram stain, a series of biochemical tests and Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) were used in identification. Pasteurella species and Streptococcus species were isolated in high frequency. Neisseria species, Pseudomonas species, Enterobactericeae family, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Achromobacter xylosoxidans/denitrificans and Sphingomonas paucimobilis were also identified in the samples as well. Moreover, detection of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria was also carried out in this study as well. It was used to provide more evidence-based information on antibiotic therapy in dog bite wounds and related infections. In which, multi-resistant organisms and Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positive Enterobactericeae were found in the oral cavity of sample dogs. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns for some bacteria were evaluated in this study. 

Debabrata Biswas

National University of Singapore

Title: Group A Streptococcal CXC chemokine-protease cleaves the human antimicrobial cathelicidin peptide LL-37 resulting in the loss of immunomodulatory functions of the peptide
Speaker
Biography:

Debabrata Biswas had completed his PhD in the field of cell biology while working on arsenic toxicity in blood. He shifted his interest to the study of pathogen biology and infectious disease during his postdoctoral study in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He joined the laboratory of Prof Emanuel Hanski, working on the mechanism of pathophysiology of Group A streptococcal soft tissue infection. His present work in the Microbiology department of the National University of Singapore, deals with bacterial virulence factors and various strategies that might be designed against the disease based on the mechanism of actions of these factors. He is currently investigating molecules in the host inflammatory and immune signaling cascade that might act as the potential targets of the bacterial serine protease ScpC, which is a major virulence factor in soft tissue infections.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Severe-soft tissue infections caused by Group A streptococci (GAS) are characterized by a rapid dissemination of GAS followed by massive necrosis and tissue destruction. The human antimicrobial peptide, LL-37, is expressed during invasive GAS infections. It is believed that LL-37 antibacterial activity limits GAS spreading, since mice deficient of the LL-37 murine analog, CRAMP, are more sensitive than wild type mice to subcutaneous GAS challenge. LL-37 also directly recruits neutrophils to the site of infection and stimulates interleukin-8 (IL-8) production by keratinocytes. Thus the immunomodulatory activity of LL-37 is aimed to exacerbate neutrophil response that is crucial for eradication of GAS from soft-tissue. Yet, analysis of debrided human soft-tissue samples revealed the coincidence of LL-37 along with viable GAS. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: The GAS CXC-chemokine protease ScpC plays a central role in virulence through IL-8 cleavage preventing recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection and reducing the production of neutrophil extracellular trap. Because of its immunomodulatory activities, we hypothesized that LL-37 may also serve as a substrate for ScpC. Functional significance of ScpC-mediated cleavage of LL-37 was studied in-vitro and verified in-vivo in the mouse model of human GAS soft-tissue infections. Findings: Here, we demonstrate that immunomodulatory activity of LL-37 is crucial for controlling GAS spreading in soft-tissue. We found that GAS CXC-chemokine protease ScpC degrades and inactivates IL-8 as well as LL-37. ScpC cleaves the first 8 amino acids from the N-terminal of LL-37. This results in loss of its capacity to recruit neutrophil and stimulate IL-8 production by keratinocytes. In summary, the capacity of ScpC to shut down recruitment of neutrophils that is mediated through both IL-8 and LL-37 as well as inactivate LL-37-mediated IL-8 production by keratinocytes reflects a perfect adaptation of GAS to its human host. 

Umadevi Umakanthan

Rajaratnam College for Women, India

Title: Potentiation of Antibiotic with Universal potentiator – A novel and basic invention
Speaker
Biography:

U.Umadevi M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Botany. Published 35 research articles in National and International Journals. Editorial board member of Virology Research Journal. Co-authored a scientific book, “The Multiscience 22nd century inventions” (Publishers - Scholar’s press, Germany) and also published book on divinity. Filed 9 patents. Received awards, fellowships, prizes from Government and private organizations. Chaired the International conference, organized by World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, London on 17 th and 18 th October, 2016 and got best paper award. Received Alexander Flemming Award from USA. Got many central and state Government scholarship and grants.

Abstract:

Efficacy of newly evolved antibiotics are basically assessed under in vitro by antibiotic sensitivity test (ABST). In this study, recently invented Universal Potentiator was incorporated with various antibiotic discs with control. These antibiotics were challenged with various virulent bacteria (hospital isolates). By ABST, the zone of inhibition measured. The Universal potentiator was found to have potentiated the antibiotics upto 3 - 166%. This discovery has enormous application to the living beings.