Diagnostic microbiology is a field of study within the sciences which focuses on applying microbiology to medical application. Similarly to being concerned with the identification of a disorder-inflicting organism. Diagnostic microbiology can also be a part of revising a treatment plan. Microbes including bacteria, protozoans, and fungi play a vital factor in many disease processes. The diverse laboratory techniques like microscopy, immunological assessments, radiology, biomarker tests, ELISA, serology checks, vaccine vectors are the primary diagnostic tests which are currently in use. Numerous microbes have developed resistance to medications. Therefore, it's far essential for the scientists to give smarter methods of diagnosing those microbes and their pathogenic mechanisms.

The microbiological processing of patient specimens and serodiagnostic analyses are fundamental to the everyday diagnosis, treatment and management of patients with infectious diseases.

Clinical microbiology laboratories process various specimens from patients, healthcare workers or elsewhere e.g. the environment. The results of their analyses can either contribute to the everyday diagnosis and management of infection in individual patients (the clinical role), or inform healthcare associated infections (HAIs) infection prevention and control/hospital hygiene (IC) interventions or antimicrobial stewardship (AS) activities (the public health/the epidemiological role). However, as we will see, these two roles are interactive.

‘public health microbiology’ is ‘a crosscutting area that spans the fields of human, animal, food, water and environmental microbiology, with a focus on human health and disease. It requires laboratory scientists with the ability to work effectively across disciplines, particularly epidemiology and clinical medicine’. Public health microbiology aims to interpret diagnostics at the population level, rather than at the level of the individual patient. 

A vaccine is an dozy shape of microorganism or virus which is introduced in the body to simulate a real infection. Due to the fact the injected microbes are 'dead,' they do not cause a person to end up unwell. Rather, vaccines brace an immune reaction by using the body a good way to combat off that sort of infection. It covers infectious disease objectives and non-infectious ailment targets. To create vaccine-mediated protection is a complex mission. Currently the vaccines are developed empirically, with less or zero expertise on how they set off the immune system

In biology, a host is an organism that harbours a parasitic, a reciprocal or a commensal symbiotic, typically providing nourishment and shelter. Examples include animals playing host to parasitic worms cells harbouring a parasitic virus, a bean plant hosting mutualistic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The breadth of host-microbe biology is represented in its full glory at Medical Microbiology 2017. There will be a cutting-edge research – topics range from studying phage  and conflict and resolution in evolution to bacterial warfare

Biofilms are the bundle of microorganisms enclosed in an extracellular polymeric matrix. The complicated system of attachment has diverse traits. It's a very complex process with regulated through growth medium, substratum and surface of the cell. Their location in infectious illnesses has led to their multiplied importance in medical microbiology. More and better information and competence about biofilm will result in novel and pivot control of biofilm with progressed biofilm control.

Bacteriology is the work of bacteria & archea bacteria. The scientist, who carries out his research in the field of bacteriology, is called a Bacteriologist. Bacteriology has been the very first field in Microbiology to have secured importance, and is still appraised the premier sub-field in Microbiology. Robert Koch is considered as father of Bacteriology, because of his huge contributions to the field; although Ferdinand Cohn & Louis Pasteur are also sometimes, considered the founding fathers, due to them laying foundations for many numerous studies in Bacteriology.

Medical Microbiology has received numerous breakthroughs in the branch of Microbiology, by it’s constant updates and adapting itself to various futuristic approaches, to suit the need of patients, outbreaks and the need to mark the instantaneous crisis that arises. It basically helps in the diagnosis of pathogenic microbes, their identification, assistance in the treatment and monitoring the dosages of the antibiotics and the scope of antibiotic resistance. The stages of studying a medically important microbe are the physical & biological properties, Bio-chemical properties, pathogenesis, Diagnostic tests, resistant properties, and prognosis.

Present day pattern in Nano-biotechnology is definite to take viral Nano-biotechnology higher than ever. These amazing and huge methodologies of life-sciences in relationship with science, material science and building have turned into the foundation of present day bio-physical prescription and are opening a wide range of methodologies in all these fields. Microbial Nano-biotechnology is still an emergent field, yet it is step by step picking up eminence, particularly with the programmed parallel arrangement of viral building blocks is in the hand's compass after the recent advancement of chip-based DNA control to the cell-refined methods

Multiple pathogens once in a while coexist ensuing in polyparasitism, which escorts to augmented infectivity and diseased circumstance, changed pathogen load, and emphasis in pathogenesis. As an sample, Burkitt's lymphoma is generally determined in regions with high malarial transmittance and it is said that malaria-prompted immune reaction is related with the evolution of lymphomas.  These organisms are known as opportunistic infectious factor, and are reason for huge morbidity and mortality costs. HIV is one of the opportunistic organisms with high ability to have interaction with other infectious organisms like parasitic, viral, fungal, and bacterial agents.